Umfanekiso 1. Phakathi nomjikelezo ogoqayo ohlelweni olume mpo, oluphakelwa ikhoyili, unqenqema oluphambili “lunama-curls” phambi kwamaroli agoqayo.Unqenqema olulandelanayo olusanda kusikwa lube selududulelwa onqenqemeni oluphambili, lubethelwe isipikili futhi lushiselwe ukwenza igobolondo eligoqiwe. .
Wonke umuntu emkhakheni wokwenziwa kwensimbi cishe ujwayelene nomshini wokunyathelisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-clamp yokuqala, i-three-roll-double-clamp, i-geometry yokuhumusha emithathu-roll, noma izinhlobonhlobo ezine-roll.Ngamunye unemikhawulo kanye nezinzuzo, kodwa futhi banesici esisodwa abafana ngaso: bagoqa amashidi namashidi endaweni evundlile.
Indlela engajwayelekile kakhulu ihlanganisa ukuskrola uqonde phezulu.Njengezinye izindlela, ukuskrola okuqondile kunemikhawulo yakho kanye nezinzuzo zako.Lezi zinzuzo cishe njalo zixazulula okungenani inselele eyodwa kwezimbili. okunye ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kokuphatha impahla.Ukuthuthukisa kokubili kungathuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi ekugcineni kwandise ukuncintisana kwabakhiqizi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugoqa obuqondile abuyona into entsha.Izimpande zabo zibuyela emuva ezinhlelweni ezimbalwa zangokwezifiso ezakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s. Ngawo-1990, abanye abakhi bemishini banikela ngezigayo eziqondile njengomugqa womkhiqizo ojwayelekile.Ubuchwepheshe semukelwe yizimboni ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umkhakha wokukhiqiza amathangi.
Amathangi neziqukathi ezivamile ezivame ukukhiqizwa ziqonde phezulu zihlanganisa amathangi neziqukathi zokudla nesiphuzo, ubisi, iwayini, ubhiya, nezimboni zemithi;Amathangi okugcina uwoyela we-API;kanye namathangi ashiselwe okokulima noma ukugcina amanzi.Ukugoqa okuqondile kunciphisa kakhulu ukuphatha impahla;ngokuvamile ikhiqiza izinga eliphezulu lokugoba;futhi siphakela ngokuyimpumelelo izigaba ezilandelayo zokukhiqiza zokuhlanganisa, ukuqondanisa, nokushisela.
Enye inzuzo itholakala lapho umthamo wokugcina izinto ulinganiselwe.Ukugcinwa okuqondile kwamabhodi noma amashidi kudinga amamitha-skwele ambalwa kakhulu kunamabhodi noma amashidi agcinwe endaweni eyisicaba.
Cabanga ngesitolo esigingqa amagobolondo (noma “imizila”) amathangi amakhulu obubanzi kumarola avundlile. Ngemva kokuginqika, indawo osebenza kuyo iyashisela, yehlise amafreyimu asemaceleni, bese isusa igobolondo eligoqiwe. Njengoba igobolondo elincanyana ligoba ngaphansi kwesisindo salo. , igobolondo kungenzeka ukuthi lidinga ukusekelwa ngezinto eziqinisayo noma iziqinisi, noma lidinga ukuzungeziswa libe endaweni eqondile.
Inani elikhulu kangaka lokuphatha—ishidi lokuphakela lisuka endaweni evundlile libe ngamaroli avundlile, abese ekhishwa bese etshekiswa ukuze anqwabelene ngemva kokuginqika—angadala izinselelo ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza.Ngokuskrola okuqondile, isitolo siqeda konke ukucutshungulwa okumaphakathi.Amashidi noma amashidi ayaphakelwa futhi agoqwe aqonde phezulu, anamathiselwe enamathiselwe, bese ephakanyiswa phezulu aye emsebenzini olandelayo.Lapho liginqika liqonde, igobolondo lethangi alimelani namandla adonsela phansi ngakho-ke alicwili ngaphansi kwesisindo salo.
Okunye ukugingqika okuqondile kwenzeka emishinini enama-roll amane, ikakhulukazi amathangi amancane obubanzi (imvamisa angaphansi kwamafithi angu-8 ububanzi) azothunyelwa ezansi nomfula futhi asebenze ngendlela eqonde mpo.Isistimu yama-four-roll ivumela ukugingqika kabusha ukuze kuqedwe amafulethi angagobile ( lapho ama-rolls ebamba ipuleti), okugqama kakhulu kumagobolondo amancane obubanzi.
Amathini amaningi agoqeka aqonde phezulu kusetshenziswa imishini yejiyomethri eyi-roll, eyi-collet-collet, kusetshenziswa izikhala zeshidi lensimbi noma okuphakelayo ngokuqondile ngekhoyili (indlela ejwayele ukujwayeleka). Kulezi zinhlelo, u-opharetha usebenzisa i-radius gauge noma ithempulethi ukuze akale I-radius yendawo ebiyelwe.Alungisa ama-roller agobayo lapho unqenqema lwekhoyili luthintana, bese luyalulungisa futhi njengoba ikhoyili iqhubeka nokuphakela.Njengoba ikhoyili iqhubeka ifakwa ngaphakathi kwesilonda esiqinile, i-springback yezinto iyakhula, futhi u-opharetha uhambisa amarola ukuze abangele ukugoba okwengeziwe ukuze anxephezele.
I-Springback iyahlukahluka ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nohlobo lwekhoyili.I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) yekhoyili ibalulekile.Zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana, ikhoyili engama-intshi angu-20. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenxeba elifanayo ikhoyili nama-intshi angu-26, i-ID iyaqina futhi ikhombisa i-rebound enkulu.ID.
Umfanekiso 2. Ukuskrola okuqondile sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufakwa kwenkundla yethangi. Ngokusebenzisa ukhreyini, inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngekhosi ephezulu bese iqhubekela esigcawini esingezansi. Qaphela ukushisela okukodwa okuqondile esigcawini esiphezulu.
Nokho, qaphela ukuthi ukuginqika kwebhodwe kuhluke kakhulu epuletini elijiyile eligoqekayo ekugoqeni okuvundlile. Kokwesibili, opharetha uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphetho yomugqa ifana ncamashi ekupheleni komjikelezo. ama-diameter awahlelwa kabusha kalula.
Lapho enza igobolondo lethangi elinamarola aqondile ekhoyili, u-opharetha akakwazi ukuvumela ukuthi amaphethelo ahlangane ekupheleni komjikelezo wokugoqa ngoba, vele, ishidi livela ngokuqondile kukhoyili.Ngesikhathi ligoqeka, ishidi linomkhawulo oholayo, kodwa hhayi Unqenqema olulandelanayo kuze kube uyasikwa kukhoyili. Endabeni yalezi zinhlelo, ikhoyili igoqwa ibe yindilinga egcwele ngaphambi kokugoba amaroli bese iyasikwa ngemva kokuqeda (bheka uMfanekiso 1). Ngemva kwalokhu, unqenqema olusanda kusikwa olulandelanayo luyasikwa iphushelwe onqenqemeni oluholayo, iqiniswe, bese ishiselwa ukwenza igobolondo eligoqiwe.
Ukugoba ngaphambilini nokugoqa kabusha kumayunithi amaningi aphekelwa ikhoyili akuphumelelanga, okusho ukuthi amaphethelo awo aholayo nalandelayo anezigaba zokuwa ezivame ukulahlwa (ezifana nezingxenye eziyisicaba ezingagobeki ekuroqekeni okungewona amakhoyili ).Lokho kushiwo, ama-opharetha amaningi bheka izinsimbi njengenani elincane ukuze ukhokhele zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphatha kahle amaroli aqondile ahlinzekwa ngazo.
Noma kunjalo, abanye o-opharetha bafuna ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele impahla abanayo, ngakho bakhetha uhlelo oludidiyelwe lweleveli yokugoqa.Lokhu kufana neziqondiso ezine-roll ekulayini wokucubungula ikhoyili, osanda kuphetshwa. iziqondiso eziyishumi nambili eziphezulu ezisebenzisa inhlanganisela ethile yokungenzi lutho, ukuqondisa, nokugoba.okungukuthi, uhlelo alukwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezigoqiwe kuphela, kodwa futhi namabhilidi ayisicaba.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa abukwazi ukuphindaphinda imiphumela yezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezinwetshiwe ezisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zesevisi, kodwa bungakhiqiza izinto eziyisicaba ngokwanele ukuthi zingasikwa nge-laser noma i-plasma.Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa amakhoyili ekusebenzeni kokugoqa okuqondile kanye nokusika okuyisicaba.
Ake ucabange u-opharetha egingqa igobolondo lengxenye yethangi ethola i-oda lenqwaba yezikhala zetafula lokusika i-plasma. Ngemva kokuba egoqe igobolondo futhi alithumele ezansi nomfula, ulungisa isistimu ukuze isilinganisi singaphakeli ngokuqondile endaweni eqondile. Kunalokho, isilinganisi siphakela izinto eziyisicaba ezingasikwa zibe ubude obufunekayo, zenze indawo engenalutho eyisicaba yokusika i-plasma.
Ngemva kokusika inqwaba yezikhala, u-opharetha ulungisa kabusha isistimu ukuze iqalise kabusha amagobolondo ethangi agingqikayo.Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ugingqa into eyisicaba, ukuhlukahluka kwempahla (okuhlanganisa amazinga ahlukahlukene e-springback) akuyona inkinga.
Ezindaweni eziningi zokwenziwa kwezimboni nezakhiwo, abakhiqizi bahlose ukukhulisa umthamo wokwenziwa kwezitolo ukuze kube lula futhi kube lula ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwensimu. Nokho, ekwenzeni amathangi amakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifanayo, lo mthetho awusebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye izinselelo ezimangalisayo zokusingatha izinto ezikhona imisebenzi enjalo.
Ukusebenza endaweni yomsebenzi, amaroli aqondile amakhoyili enza kube lula ukuphatha izinto futhi enze kube lula yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza amathangi (bheka uMdwebo 2). Kulula kakhulu ukuthutha ikhoyili yensimbi iye endaweni yomsebenzi kunokukhipha uchungechunge lwezingxenye ezinkulu endaweni yokusebenzela. Ngaphezu kwalokho , ukugingqika esizeni kusho ukuthi ngisho namathangi amakhulu kunawo wonke angakhiwa ngokushisela okukodwa okuqondile.
Ukuletha i-level enkundleni kuvumela ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kwensimu.Lokhu kuyisinqumo esivamile sokukhiqizwa kwethangi esizeni, lapho ukusebenza okungeziwe kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe ama-tank decks noma ama-bottos esizeni kusuka kukhoyili eqondile, baqede ukuhamba phakathi kwesitolo. kanye nendawo yomsebenzi.
Umfanekiso 3. Amanye amaroli aqondile ahlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amathangi esizeni.Ijeke iphakamisa inkambo ebigoqwe phezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo se-crane.
Eminye imisebenzi yasensimini ihlanganisa amaroli aqondile abe yisistimu enkulu—okuhlanganisa amayunithi okusika nokushisela asetshenziswa namajeke okuphakamisa ahlukile—okususa isidingo sikakhreyini osendaweni (bona uMfanekiso 3).
Ithangi lonke lakhiwe ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, kodwa inqubo iqala ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu.Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo: Ikhoyili noma ishidi lidluliswa kumaroli aqondile amayintshi nje ukusuka lapho udonga lwethangi lusebaleni.Udonga bese luphakelwa. zibe iziqondiso ezithwala ishidi njengoba liphakelwa kulo lonke isiyingi sethangi.Amaroli aqondile ayamiswa, amaphethelo ayasikwa, futhi imithungo eqondile ngayinye ibekwe kahle futhi ishiselwe.I-stiffener assembly ibe isishiselwa egobolondweni.Okulandelayo , ujeke uphakamisela phezulu igobolondo eligoqiwe.Phinda inqubo yegobolondo elilandelayo ngezansi.
Amashisela ajikelezayo enziwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezigoqiwe, futhi izingcezu eziphezulu zethangi zabe sezihlanganiswa endaweni - kuyilapho isakhiwo sihlala siseduze nomhlabathi futhi kwenziwa amagobolondo amabili aphezulu kuphela. ukulungiselela igobolondo elilandelayo, futhi inqubo iyaqhubeka - konke ngaphandle kwesidingo se-crane.
Uma ukusebenza kufinyelela emgqeni ophansi kakhulu, amapuleti aminyene aqala ukusebenza.Abanye abakhiqizi bamathangi asendaweni basebenzisa amapuleti awugqinsi ayiyintshi engu-3/8 kuya ku-intshi engu-1, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nakakhulu. zibe zinde kuphela, ngakho-ke lezi zigaba ezingezansi zizoba nama-welds amaningi aqondile axhuma izigaba zeshidi eligoqiwe.Kunoma yikuphi, ngemishini eqondile esizeni, amashidi angakwazi ukuthululwa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi agoqwe esizeni ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kwamathangi.
Lolu hlelo lokwakha ithangi lufanekisela ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha okuzuziwe (okungenani ngokwengxenye) ngokugingqika okuqondile. Yebo, njenganoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe, ukuskrola okuqondile akutholakali kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.Ukufaneleka kwakho kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kokucubungula okukudalayo.
Cabangela umkhiqizi ofaka iroli eqondile elingaphakelwa ikhoyili ukuze enze imisebenzi eyahlukene, iningi lawo okungamagobolondo amancane adinga ukugoba ngaphambili (ukugoba imiphetho ephambili nelandelayo yesiqeshana sokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe iflethi elingagobile).Le misebenzi ngokwethiyori kungenzeka kumaroli aqondile, kodwa ukugobela ngaphambili esiqondisweni esiqondile kunzima kakhulu.Ezimweni eziningi, ukugoqa okuqondile kungasebenzi ngenani elikhulu lemisebenzi edinga ukugoba ngaphambili.
Ngokungeziwe ezinkingeni zokuphatha izinto, abakhiqizi bahlanganise amaroli aqondile ukuze bagweme ukulwa namandla adonsela phansi (futhi ukuze bagweme ukunqwabelana kwezivalo ezinkulu ezingasekelwe). Nokho, uma umsebenzi uhilela kuphela ukugingqa ibhodi eliqine ngokwanele ukugcina isimo salo phakathi nenqubo yokuginqika, bese liyagingqika. ibhodi mpo alenzi umqondo omkhulu.
Futhi, umsebenzi we-asymmetric (ama-ovals nezinye izimo ezingavamile) ngokuvamile ukwakhiwa kangcono kumaroli avundlile, ngokusekelwa phezulu uma kudingekile.Kulezi zimo, izisekelo zenza okungaphezu nje kokuvimbela ukuhlehla okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi;ziqondisa umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo ezungezayo futhi zisize ukugcina umumo we-asymmetric wocezu lokusebenza.Inselele yokusebenzisa umsebenzi onjalo ngomumo ome mpo ingase inganaki noma iyiphi inzuzo yokuskrola okuqondile.
Umbono ofanayo uyasebenza ekugiqekeni okuyi-conical.Ama-cones aginqikayo ancike ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwamarola kanye nenani elihlukahlukene lokucindezela ukusuka ekugcineni komunye umkhawulo wamarola ukuya kwenye. kodwa kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinjongo, ukugoqa ikhoni iqonde phezulu akwenzeki.
Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwemishini yejiyomethri yokuhumusha eyizinhlamvu ezintathu nakho ngokuvamile akusebenzi.Kule mishini, amaroli amabili aphansi aya kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kunoma iyiphi indlela;i-top roll ingalungiswa phezulu naphansi.Lokhu kulungiswa kuvumela le mishini ukuthi igobe i-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinto zokugoqa ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinzuzo azithuthukisiwe ngokuskrola okuqondile.
Uma ukhetha umshini wokugoqa amapuleti, kubalulekile ukucwaninga futhi ucabangele ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okuhlosiwe komshini ngokucophelela nangokucophelela.Amaroli aqondile anqunyelwe kakhulu ekusebenzeni kunemiqulu yendabuko evundlile, kodwa kuhlelo lokusebenza olulungile lunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokugoba amapuleti avundlile, imishini yokugoba amapuleti aqondile ngokuvamile inomklamo oyisisekelo, ukusebenza kanye nezici zokwakha.Futhi, amaroli avame ukukhulu kakhulu ukuze isicelo sifake imiqhele (kanye nemiphumela yokuzungezisa noma ye-hourglass eyenzeka kuzingcezu zokusebenza lapho imiqhele ingekho kahle. kulungiselwe umsebenzi osuwenzile).Uma esetshenziswa kanye nama-decoilers, enza into encane yethangi lesitolo lonke, ngokuvamile angabi ngaphezu kwamafidi angu-21 amayintshi angu-6 ububanzi.Amathangi afakwe ensimini anezifundo eziphezulu ezingaphezulu kobubanzi angase akhiqizwe. nge-weld eyodwa kuphela eqondile kunamaphaneli amathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Futhi, inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yokugoqeka okuqondile ukuthi ithangi noma isiqukathi sidinga ukwakhiwa ngokuma mpo ngenxa yemiphumela yamandla adonsela phansi ezintweni ezizacile (isb., kufika ku-1/4 noma 5/16 intshi).Ukukhiqizwa okuvundlile kuzophoqa ukusetshenziswa kwezindandatho zokuqinisa noma zokuzinzisa ukuze kugcinwe umumo oyindilinga wengxenye egoqiwe.
Inzuzo yangempela yamaroli aqondile ukuphatha kahle izinto. Izikhathi ezimbalwa lapho indawo ebiyelwe idinga ukushintshwa ngayo, mancane amathuba okuthi izolimala futhi isetshenzwe kabusha. Cabangela isidingo esikhulu samathangi ensimbi engagqwali embonini yezemithi, manje esimatasa kakhulu kunangaphambili. .Ukuphatha kabi kungaholela ezinkingeni zezimonyo noma, okubi nakakhulu, ungqimba lwe-passivation oluphuka bese ludala umkhiqizo ongcolile.Amaroli aqondile asebenza ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusika, zokushisela kanye nokuqeda ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphatha kanye namathuba okungcola.Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, abakhiqizi bayavuna. izinzuzo.
I-FABRICATOR iwumagazini ohamba phambili embonini yokwenziwa kwensimbi eNyakatho Melika.Lo magazini uhlinzeka ngezindaba, izihloko zezobuchwepheshe kanye nemilando yamacala eyenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela egculisayo.I-FABRICATOR ibisebenzela imboni kusukela ngo-1970.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2022